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Chapter 9—Understanding the Report Process and Research Methods
TRUE/FALSE
1. The monthly financial statement that Sharecom
Investments sends to its investors is an example of an analytical report.
2. Reports typically travel upward in an
organization because they usually are requested by a higher authority.
3. The main function of vertical reports is to
contribute to management control.
4. Attendance records are an example of an are
analytical report.
5. XYZ, a potential supplier to NASA, would
typically submit an RFP (request for a proposal) to NASA in order to obtain a
contract with this government agency.
6. The statement of purpose is the goal of the
study and includes the objectives the researcher hopes to accomplish.
7. Reports that examine the buying habits of a
group of teenagers at three-month intervals are examples of a longitudinal
study.
8. Limitations refer to boundaries imposed
outside the control of the researcher, such as time limit and budget.
9. Hypothesis testing is appropriate only in
observational research settings.
10. Secondary research is only necessary when primary research does
not yield enough information.
11. Electronic databases provide access to articles from newspapers,
magazines, journals, and other types of publications.
12. Primary research sources include periodicals, computer databases,
and encyclopedias.
13. A customer service representative who regularly tracks the type of
customer complaints made through the company's 800 number is conducting
experimental research.
14. In order for survey research to be credible, the selected sample
must be representative of the population.
15. Reliability refers to the degree to which data measures what it is
intended to measure.
16. Recommendations should flow naturally from one's summary and
conclusions and should not come as a surprise to the reader.
17. The conclusion of a report should include a summary of findings
and suggested action based on research.
18. Plagiarism is the presentation of someone else’s ideas or words as
your own.
19. The development of an effective survey instrument, such as a
questionnaire or interview guide, is critical to obtaining reliable and valid
data.
20. Email polling is a popular primary research method, though it
typically takes longer to conduct than other data collection methods.
21. Referencing is essential when material is quoted from a source and
is optional when paraphrasing.
22. Including an even number of choices on a rating scale is advisable
to eliminate the tendency of some groups to choose the noncommittal mid-point
on the range.
23. Scholarly journals in the social sciences tend to use the APA
referencing method, while MLA is commonly used in the humanities.
24. Correlation analysis might be used to determine whether a
relationship existed between how respondents answered one item and how they
answered another.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following provides the best
definition of a report?
|
a.
|
An orderly, objective communication
that flows downward within an organization for the purpose of presenting data
for the customer.
|
|
b.
|
A formal, objective writing that meets
the need for information needed by a wide audience.
|
|
c.
|
An orderly, objective message used to
convey information within an organization or between organizations to assist
in problem solving and decision making.
|
|
d.
|
A formal, organized message that
conveys the opinions and intuitive feelings of the writer.
|
2. Brigit, head of a bank's internal auditing
division, has prepared a report on current auditing procedures. The report
which presents suggested solutions to the bank’s auditing problems is what kind
of a report?
|
a.
|
Informational
|
|
b.
|
Analytical
|
|
c.
|
External
|
|
d.
|
Functional
|
3. Fazer Technologies distributed copies of its
annual report to it stockholders. This report is which of the following types
of reports?
|
a.
|
Informal
|
|
b.
|
Analytical
|
|
c.
|
External
|
|
d.
|
Internal
|
4. A report that provides a written description
of how an organization can meet the needs of another organization by providing
products, services, or solutions to problems is what kind of report?
|
a.
|
Functional
|
|
b.
|
Proposal
|
|
c.
|
Internal
|
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d.
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Periodic
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5. Which of the following represents the correct
sequence of steps in the problem-solving process?
|
a.
|
Recognize and define the problem;
collect and organize the data; select a method of solution; arrive at an
answer.
|
|
b.
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Select a method of solution; recognize
and define the problem; collect and organize the data; arrive at an answer.
|
|
c.
|
Recognize and define the problem;
select a method of solution; collect and organize the data; arrive at an
answer.
|
|
d.
|
Select a method of solution; collect
and organize the data; recognize and define the problem; arrive at an answer.
|
6. A report on market comparisons of tuition at
state universities should follow which of the following sequences of
problem-solving steps?
|
a.
|
Form the hypothesis, collect data,
state the problem, identify the answer.
|
|
b.
|
Identify the probable answer, state
the problem, organize data, select method of solution.
|
|
c.
|
Define the problem, select method of
solution, collect and organize data, arrive at answer.
|
|
d.
|
Select method of solution, collect
data, define the problem, present answer.
|
7. As a result of the changing demographics in
your area, your company has decided to hire those previously declared
"unemployable." Your task is to educate these people to do the job.
Which of the following questions will help you MOST in solving the problem?
|
a.
|
Has this education program been
successful in other corporations?
|
|
b.
|
What type of skills do these new
employees need to do their jobs?
|
|
c.
|
How do we know this program will work?
|
|
d.
|
Why will this program assist with our
shortage of employees?
|
8. When explaining "limitations," the
researcher is noting
|
a.
|
his or her own weaknesses and those of
the team.
|
|
b.
|
why there is not enough time to do a
thorough job.
|
|
c.
|
constraints which the researcher has
chosen to place on the research.
|
|
d.
|
normal constraints placed on the
research which are beyond the control of the researcher.
|
9. In a report on effective advertising to the
net generation, researchers explain the small size of the selected sample and
the use of three selected online databases. They are describing the ____ of the
study.
|
a.
|
delimitations
|
|
b.
|
scope
|
|
c.
|
limitations
|
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d.
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hypotheses
|
10. Which of the following procedures is NOT recommended
when conducting an electronic search?
|
a.
|
Start with a large search engine and
then move to a smaller one if necessary.
|
|
b.
|
Structure searches from broad to
specific.
|
|
c.
|
Look for web pages that have links to
other related topics.
|
|
d.
|
Follow the particular format and
instructions of each search engine or database.
|
11. If you wanted to research the Internet for articles on outsourcing
to India, which of the following key phrases would result in the narrowest
search?
|
a.
|
Outsourcing
|
|
b.
|
"Outsourcing"
|
|
c.
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Outsourcing to India
|
|
d.
|
"Outsourcing to India"
|
12. Which type of primary research requires no direct involvement with
human subjects?
|
a.
|
Observational studies
|
|
b.
|
Experimental research
|
|
c.
|
Normative surveys
|
|
d.
|
Longitudinal research
|
13. Which of the following is the most accurate statement concerning
the use of primary and secondary research methods?
|
a.
|
Secondary research helps to establish
a starting point for primary research.
|
|
b.
|
A researcher typically chooses between
secondary and primary research as the better alternative for obtaining
information for the particular problem.
|
|
c.
|
Primary research is the predominant
research method selected for a study, with secondary research available as an
option, if needed.
|
|
d.
|
Secondary research includes
observation, experimentation, and normative surveys.
|
14. Which of the following is a source of primary data?
|
a.
|
Journal articles
|
|
b.
|
Surveys
|
|
c.
|
Online government documents
|
|
d.
|
All of the above are sources of
primary data.
|
15. Which of the following objectives is FALSE concerning
the conducting of secondary research?
|
a.
|
It establishes a base for further
research.
|
|
b.
|
It reveals areas of needed research.
|
|
c.
|
It often eliminates the need for
primary research.
|
|
d.
|
It avoids needless duplication of
research efforts.
|
16. Which method of research would be best for researching whether
distance learning or traditional classroom instruction is more effective for
your company's employees?
|
a.
|
Observational study
|
|
b.
|
Normative survey
|
|
c.
|
Experimental research
|
|
d.
|
Secondary research
|
17. If your research calls for counting the number of people entering
two grocery stores, recording certain physical characteristics, and comparing
those two sets of data, you would be conducting ____ research.
|
a.
|
observational
|
|
b.
|
normative
|
|
c.
|
experimental
|
|
d.
|
replication
|
18. Which research method would be best for determining whether
employees in Acme Company’s computer assembly produce more under Theory X or
more under Theory Y management style?
|
a.
|
Historical
|
|
b.
|
Survey
|
|
c.
|
Observational
|
|
d.
|
Experimental
|
19. A market researcher who uses primary research may use which of the
following methods?
|
a.
|
Boolean logic, observational studies,
the hidden Internet
|
|
b.
|
Search engines, normative surveys,
interviews
|
|
c.
|
Random sampling, website “hits,”
observational studies
|
|
d.
|
Observational studies, experimental
research, normative survey research
|
20. If your research calls for counting the number of people entering
two fast-food restaurants, recording certain behavioral characteristics, and
comparing those two sets of data, you would be conducting ____ research.
|
a.
|
observational
|
|
b.
|
normative
|
|
c.
|
experimental
|
|
d.
|
replication
|
21. A consumer researcher who observes the buying habits of people at
a clearance warehouse is using which of the following methods for collecting
data?
|
a.
|
Experimental research
|
|
b.
|
Normative survey
|
|
c.
|
Personal interviews
|
|
d.
|
Participant observation
|
22. Which of the following statements about sampling is correct?
|
a.
|
Sampling is based on the principle
that a sufficiently large number drawn from a population will be
representative, regardless of whether the selection was random.
|
|
b.
|
The survey results of a sample will be
biased and therefore not reliable for formal research.
|
|
c.
|
Sampling is a survey technique that
eliminates the need for questioning 100 percent of the population.
|
|
d.
|
All of the above are correct
statements.
|
23. The best definition for reliability is
|
a.
|
a measure of the degree to which data
measures what you intend for it to measure.
|
|
b.
|
a measure of the accuracy and
repeatability of the data.
|
|
c.
|
a measure of the relationship between
two variables.
|
|
d.
|
none of the above
|
24. Conducting a pilot test of a survey instrument involving a small
group of the population can
|
a.
|
correct problems in clarity, ease of
answering, and quality of answers.
|
|
b.
|
complicate the clarification of
questions developed for a larger sample group.
|
|
c.
|
be a better alternative to the use of
open-ended questions.
|
|
d.
|
use information from biased sources
and correlate it to unbiased sources.
|
25. Which of the following techniques is most effective for taking
notes from secondary sources?
|
a.
|
Read the article carefully, copy
important phrases, and review the article several times.
|
|
b.
|
Read the article quickly, put the
article aside, list the main points from memory, and review the article to
determine if all points are included.
|
|
c.
|
Review the main points of the article,
copy the main points word-for-word, paraphrase details, and outline
references.
|
|
d.
|
Write notes on cards as you scan
through the article.
|
26. In-text citations for paraphrases prepared using the APA format
include the following:
|
a.
|
Author’s first and last name, and date
of publication
|
|
b.
|
Author’s last name, and date of
publication
|
|
c.
|
Author’s first initial, last name, and
date of publication
|
|
d.
|
Author’s last name, and page number
|
27. Which of the following does NOT apply to designing a
questionnaire?
|
a.
|
Ask for factual information as much as
possible because opinions are less reliable.
|
|
b.
|
Begin with easy-to-answer questions
and proceed to the more difficult ones.
|
|
c.
|
Provide an even number of choices on a
rating scale to eliminate “fence” responses.
|
|
d.
|
Avoid "other" as an answer
choice on multiple-choice and rating scale questions.
|
28. Which of the following is NOT an error in data
gathering?
|
a.
|
Using samples that are too small
|
|
b.
|
Administering the survey to a small
group of the population before conducting the actual survey
|
|
c.
|
Gathering too much information and
then attempting to use all of it
|
|
d.
|
All of the above are errors.
|
29. Documentation of the work of others accomplishes all but which of
the following?
|
a.
|
It gives credit where credit is due.
|
|
b.
|
It protects the writer against
plagiarism.
|
|
c.
|
It strengthens weak research methods.
|
|
d.
|
It marks you as a professional
researcher.
|
30. Which of the following is the BEST suggestion for
preparing accurate documentation in a report?
|
a.
|
Choose an authoritative reference
manual, be consistent, and include more than enough rather than too little
information for citations and references.
|
|
b.
|
Use more then one authoritative
reference manual, be consistent, and include citations only for sources you
quote.
|
|
c.
|
Use the MLA style guide for all
reports, be consistent, and include only the author, article title, and
publisher information.
|
|
d.
|
Use the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association for all documentation and the MLA
Handbook, only if needed, as a backup for format.
|
31. You have gathered data from printed and online sources as well as
from a survey. What should you do to organize the writing of your report?
|
a.
|
Reduce quantitative data to a usable
form through statistical techniques.
|
|
b.
|
Question whether every piece of
information available makes a real contribution to the outcome of the study.
|
|
c.
|
Combine, summarize, and condense
useful information so that the reader can understand it more easily.
|
|
d.
|
Do all of the above.
|
32. Which of the following is a common error that MOST
hinders the accurate interpretation of data?
|
a.
|
Interpretation of results from a large
sampling
|
|
b.
|
Tabulation of a questionnaire with
many items
|
|
c.
|
Assumption of a cause-effect
relationship when one does not exist
|
|
d.
|
Application of statistical analysis
|
33. Which of the following is NOT a weakness in data
interpretation?
|
a.
|
Inferring that results of one study
are true for all groups.
|
|
b.
|
Assuming
constancy of human behavior and attitudes.
|
|
c.
|
Trying to make results conform to a
prediction.
|
|
d.
|
All are weaknesses.
|
34. Which of the following would be considered a recommendation?
|
a.
|
The cost of the brick veneer will be
seven percent more than aluminum siding.
|
|
b.
|
Even though brick veneer is more
expensive, we understand it will be more durable over the years.
|
|
c.
|
Install brick veneer, since its
slightly higher cost will be well offset by its durability.
|
|
d.
|
Both brick veneer and aluminum siding
have their advantages.
|
SHORT ANSWER
1. Describe the four steps in finding a solution
to a business problem.
2. Explain the benefits of conducting secondary
research.
3. A research firm wants to conduct research to
determine what the U.S. population thinks of imported clothing. Describe three
primary research options that are available for this type of research. Which
option would you recommend that the research firm use? Why?
4. Identify four methods of collecting data
through surveys, and list one advantage and one disadvantage of each method.
5. Explain the difference between a finding, a
conclusion, and a recommendation.What is the relationship between them?
CASE
1. Feasibility Report for New Office
Hasley’s, a retail chain based in the Midwest, has offices in
several locations throughout the U.S. Due to expanding markets, the company is
researching the need to open a new location in the Southwest. You are a member
of a team asked to write a report on the feasibility of an office at this new
location. The team must define the scope of the report and develop a statement
of purpose.
Required:
Identify five questions that need answering to help the team limit
the scope of this report. Provide an answer to each question and write a
Statement of Purpose for the report.
2. XYZ Corp, a chain store selling electronics in
the Northeast region of the United States, is interested in determining if they
are paying their sales representatives an appropriate salary. Limit and define the scope of the issues
answering the five Ws and writing a statement of purpose.
3. Improvement of Poor Questionnaire
Meacham Industries is a small company that wants to improve
communications between supervisors and employees. A questionnaire has been
developed for distribution to employees on their attitudes toward communication
with supervisors. The following questions are in draft form and need to be
rewritten for clarity and easy tabulation.
|
1.
|
Do you work in the office,
maintenance, assembly line, or shipping?
|
|
2.
|
How long have you worked here?
|
|
3.
|
Do you think most supervisors are approachable?
|
|
4.
|
Do you feel that you can talk to your
supervisor when needed?
|
|
5.
|
Is your supervisor available to answer
questions?
|
|
6.
|
How do you prefer to communicate with
your supervisor?
|
|
7.
|
How does your supervisor usually
communicate with you?
|
|
8.
|
Does your supervisor give you
feedback?
|
|
9.
|
Does your supervisor give reprimands?
How?
|
|
10.
|
Do you think an employee suggestion
box would be useful?
|
Required:
Rewrite the above questions for clarity and easy tabulation of
results.
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