TEST BANK OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 7TH EDITION BY BURD
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Chapter 02
Introduction to Systems Architecture
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1. Some commercial computers have used quantum physics to
perform data storage and computation.
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2. The Difference Engine computed logarithms by moving
gears and other mechanical components.
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3. Mechanical computers such as the Mark One were used
during World War I to compute trajectory tables for naval guns and torpedoes.
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4. Mechanical computation devices cannot perform complex
calculations.
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5. A machine capable of adding whole numbers can multiply
whole numbers by executing the addition function multiple times.
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6. The biggest impetus for the change to electronic computing
devices came during World War I.
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7. Electronic computers addressed most shortcomings of
mechanical computation.
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8. Light can be used as a basis for computation.
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9. Optics have little advantage over electronics in most
areas of computing technology.
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10. Optical processors might be easier to fabricate than
current processors and are better matched to optical communication
technologies.
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11. In classical physics, a subatomic particle, such as a
photon, can be in multiple places at one time.
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12. All computers are automated computing devices, and all
automated computing devices are computers.
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13. A typical computer system must have much more secondary
storage capacity than primary storage capacity.
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14. A tablet computer is a laptop computer that emphasizes
small size, reduced weight, low cost, and wireless networking and is capable
of performing only light-duty tasks, such as Web browsing, e-mailing, and
word processing.
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15. Server hardware capabilities depend on the resources
being shared and the number of simultaneous users.
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16. The World Wide Web is sometimes called a network of
networks because it interconnects millions of other networks.
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17. A URL identifies one specific WWW resource.
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18. The primary role of software is to translate users’
needs and requests into CPU instructions that, when executed, produce a
result that satisfies the need or request.
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19. The need or idea that motivates a request for computer
processing is stated at a specific level.
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20. Windows OSs tend toward an all-inclusive approach to
system software, bundling most system software functions in the OS.
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21. An end-user accesses a Web-based application via a URL.
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22. The evolution of Microsoft OSs is a good example of how
software development depends on hardware technology.
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23. The 80386 provided hardware support for running
multiple programs simultaneously, simplified partitioning primary storage
among programs, and provided mechanisms for preventing programs from
interfering with one another.
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24. A simple definition of a computer is a device that can
accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, and ____.
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25. Early mechanical computation devices were built to
perform ____.
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26. Optical computation harnesses the energy of moving ____
to perform computational work.
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27. A particle of light is called a ____.
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28. Optical light pulses can be stored indirectly, such as
____.
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29. ____ signals can carry more data than electrical
signals.
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30. ____ physics describes the behavior of matter at a
subatomic level.
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31. Quantum physics describes subatomic behavior with ____.
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32. In a modern digital computer, data is represented by
groups of ____.
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33. Any matter that stores data in multiple simultaneous
quantum states is called a ____.
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34. In classical physics, a group of 3 bits can store only
one of ____ possible values at a time.
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35. The first commercially available quantum computer was
built by ____.
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36. A(n) ____ is a program in which different sets of
instructions are applied to different data input values.
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37. The CPU contains a few internal storage locations
called ____, each capable of holding a single instruction or data item.
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38. Storage devices that hold currently executing programs
are called ____
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39. Storage devices that hold data not needed by currently
running programs are called ____
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40. In current computer hardware, main memory is
implemented with silicon-based semiconductor devices commonly called ____.
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41. A ____ is a computer system designed to meet a single
user’s information-processing needs.
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42. A ____ is designed for one purpose—computational speed
with large problems.
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43. The term ____ can describe computers as small as
midrange computers and as large as supercomputers.
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44. A ____ is a group of similar or identical computers,
connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run
a single application.
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45. A ____ is a circuit board that contains most of a
server.
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46. ____ are typically implemented by installing software
on each machine that accepts tasks from a central server and performs them
when not busy doing other work.
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47. A ____ is a set of computing resources with front-end
interfaces and back-end resources.
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48. ____ is typically the cheapest component of current
information systems.
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49. “____” is the concept that the per-unit cost of
producing goods or providing services decreases as the organization size
increases.
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50. A ____ consists of hardware, software, and transmission
media that enable computer systems to share information, software, and
hardware resources.
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51. The complexity of modern networks arises from the huge
quantity of ____.
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52. A specific shared resources within the World Wide Web
is identified by a(n) ____.
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53. A(n) ____ is a stored set of instructions for
responding to a specific request, much as you might look up a recipe to
prepare a particular dish.
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54. ____ is targeted to general-purpose tasks that support
many application programs and users.
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55. Most application software is used by ____.
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56. In the “layered approach,” knowledge of the machine’s
physical details is embedded into system software and hidden from users and
application programmers. This is commonly referred to as ____.
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57. The ____ software layer has utility programs used by
end users and system administrators to manage and control computer resources.
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58. ____ software describes programs used to develop other
programs.
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59. A ____ is a program that translates instructions in a
programming language into CPU instructions.
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60. The ____ chip provided integrated memory caches,
enhanced computational capabilities, and increased raw CPU speed. Windows 95
was developed to take better advantage of this chip’s capabilities.
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61. ____ improved memory access and raw CPU speeds and
added features such as support for higher-speed system buses, pipelined
instruction execution, and multimedia processing instructions.
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62. A simple definition of a(n) ____________________ is
any device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions,
such as addition and subtraction, and communicate results.
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63. The most famous of the mechanical computation devices
is the ____________________, built by Charles Babbage in 1821.
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64. In a(n) ____________________ device, the movement of
electrons performs essentially the same functions as gears and wheels in
mechanical computers.
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65. A moving photon’s ____________________ can be harnessed
to perform computational work.
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66. ____________________ data communication is common in
computer networks that cover large distances.
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67. For computer components such as processors, ____________________
are expected to gradually supplant electronics during the 21st Century.
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68. Current computer technology is based on principles of
____________________ physics developed during the 17th through 20th
centuries, including electronics, magnetism, and optics.
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69. A(n) ____________________ is a device that performs
data manipulation and transformation functions including computation,
comparison, and data movement.
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70. A(n) ____________________ is a stored set of
instructions for performing a specific task.
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71. In contrast to a formula, a program that implements an
algorithm must include comparison and ____________________ instructions.
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72. The ____________________ is a general-purpose processor
that executes all instructions and controls all data movement in the computer
system.
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73. A(n) ____________________ is a computer or group of
computers that manages shared resources and enables users and other computer
to access those resources over a network.
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74. ____________________ offers flexibility in server
configuration and deployment, including the ability to “resize” virtual
machines easily to match changing requirements.
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75. A(n) ____________________ configuration is any
arrangement of multiple computers used to support specific services or
applications.
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76. A(n) ____________________ is a group of dissimilar
computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide
services or run a shared application.
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77. ____________________ typically make use of both
multicomputer configuration and virtualization.
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78. ____________________’s law is the mathematical formula
that describes belief that the large and powerful computers will always be
more cost effective than smaller ones.
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79. The phrase ____________________ is the concept that the
per-unit cost of producing goods or services decreases as the size of the
producing or delivering organization increases..
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80. A(n) ____________________ identifies a specific web
resources.
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81. ____________________ is layered between applications
software and computer hardware.
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82. A(n) ____________________ is application software that
is accessed via a URL and uses a Web browser as the primary user interface
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83. A(n) ____________________ is software accessed over the
Internet using Web protocols, such as shipping cost calculator accessed by an
online shopping application.
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84. A(n) ____________________ is a collection of utility
programs that supports users and application programs, allocates resources,
and controls access to hardware.
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85. A key function of ____________________ software is
allocating resources to users and programs.
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86. List two limitations in mechanical computation.
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87. Why is the computational capacity/speed of quantum
computers much higher than conventional computers for certain types of tasks?
Should all computers be quantum computers?
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88. Is the term server a computer hardware classification,
a mode of computer use, or both?
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89. Discuss the influence of Pentium processors on
technology development.
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90. The ____ software layer has utility programs used by
system management and application programs to perform common functions
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