TEST BANK
OF BCOM 6TH EDITION BY LEHMAN, DUFRENE
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Chapter 10—Managing Data and Using Graphics
TRUE/FALSE
1. People who want to understand the
interpretation of data are generally more interested in reading about
proportions and ratios than about specific numbers.
2. When viewing tabulated research results,
readers or listeners need exact statistics rather than rounded fractions and
percentages.
3. Fractions, percentages, and the Dow Jones
industrial averages are examples of the common language used in communicating
difficult or complex numbers.
4. Graphics should clarify, simplify, or
reinforce the text discussion.
5. When report writers present quantitative
data, it is their ethical responsibility to provide all of the data rather than
just a graphic representation of the data.
6. The extreme use of color, complicated symbols
and art techniques, and unusual combinations of typefaces, should be avoided
because they can distract and bury relevant data.
7. While text can be given an unethical slant,
graphic aids eliminate that risk because of their quantitative nature.
8. Flip charts and white boards are obsolete and
have been replaced by electronic presentations.
9. “Talking titles” that interpret the data
shown in a graphic are recommended in reports rather than general headings such
as “Results” or “Findings.”
10. Graphics in reports generally do not need titles because their
content is obvious.
11. A pictogram could be used to track progress toward completion of a
six-month construction project.
12. You want to show total U.S. auto sales in each year since 2005;
the data could be illustrated using either a pictogram or a bar chart.
13. For Kayla to avoid a visual distortion in the bar chart she is
creating to show her company’s sales by region, she should design the
quantitative axis to begin at zero, and make each bar the same width.
14. A line chart is an effective graphic for comparing housing prices
in a particular state or region with housing prices in the United States over a
five-year period.
15. Data on the growth of online business transactions over a
five-year period would best be shown in a line chart.
16. Labeling each piece of a pie chart is not required, as long as the
most important pieces are explained.
17. Data that can be presented in a pie chart may also be presented in
a bar chart, but the reverse is not always true.
18. A pie chart is the best type of graphic aid to use to summarize
the results of a survey question to which each respondent could check more than
one answer.
19. Interpretation and analysis of a graphic should appear before the
graphic is shown.
20. When an effective graphic is used in a report, there is no need
for additional interpretation and analysis of the data.
21. A graphic that will not fit on the page where it is introduced
should be placed in an appendix.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements is correct
concerning the reporting of quantitative data?
|
a.
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People are not usually interested in
proportions or ratios, because they are confusing.
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b.
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When tabulating research results of
opinions and preferences, reporting exact statistics to the most accurate
decimal point is necessary to avoid distortion in interpretation.
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c.
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Common language reduces difficult
figures to the "common denominators" of language and ideas.
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d.
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Because of their absolute and
understood value; dollars are a good measure of comparison from one year to
another.
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2. Fraction, ratios, and percentages are
examples of which of the following:
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a.
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common language
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b.
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data distortion
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c.
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diverse language
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d.
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qualitative interpretation
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3. Which of the following statements is correct
concerning the use of graphics?
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a.
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The use of graphics makes text
discussion unnecessary.
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b.
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Three or four pages of graphics can
effectively convey several hundred pages of text.
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c.
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Graphics should be reserved for
communicating ideas that are highly quantitative.
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d.
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The term "graphics" in
business reports refers only to the use of bar charts, line charts, and pie
charts.
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4. Which sentence BEST introduces
a graphic that depicts the way people access an organization’s information on a
website?
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a.
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The area chart in Figure 10
illustrates changes in the actions of visitors to the company's website.
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b.
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Figure 10 is shown on the following
page.
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c.
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See Figure 10 for website data.
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d.
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Figure 10 shows website visits.
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5. Which of the following is NOT
an acceptable design guideline that will help a viewer understand a graphic?
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a.
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Write meaningful titles.
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b.
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Develop a consistent design.
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c.
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Incorporate a wide selection of
typefaces and colors.
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d.
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All of the above are acceptable design
guidelines.
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6. What best determines if a graphic
presentation is effective?
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a.
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The graphic's ability to prove that
the writer or speaker is competent with computer software.
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b.
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The graphic’s contribution to the
overall understanding of the idea under discussion.
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c.
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The graphic’s success in reinterpreting
facts that support the goal sought by the writer or speaker.
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d.
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The graphic’s ability to attract
visual attention.
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7. Which of the following is an example of an
effective talking title?
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a.
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Interest Rates in the U.S.
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b.
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U.S. Rates of Interest from
January-April
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c.
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U.S. Interest Rates Declined
January-April
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d.
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News on Interest Rates
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8. The state board of education has asked for
the number of last year's high school graduates attending each of the state's
19 public universities. Which of the following graphics would be MOST
effective?
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a.
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Bar chart
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b.
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Pie chart
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c.
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Table
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d.
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Gantt chart
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9. Which of the following guidelines does NOT
apply to a bar chart?
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a.
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Bars are used to compare quantities.
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b.
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Vertical axis begins at zero.
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c.
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Increments on the quantitative axis
should be equal.
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d.
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Bar widths vary to show different
quantities.
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10. The BEST graphic device to represent the sales of
DVR devices over the last five years, with proportionate sales reflected for
four age categories each year would be a
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a.
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segmented bar chart.
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b.
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table.
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c.
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line chart.
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d.
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horizontal bar chart.
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11. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the use
of pictograms?
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a.
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Use a pictogram when you wish to
convey bar chart information in a more literal, visual manner.
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b.
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Double the height and width of a
picture to show a 100 percent increase.
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c.
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Choose an image that is related to the
subject being discussed.
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d.
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All of the above are true.
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12. A Gantt chart is
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a.
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a specific type of pie chart that
places the most important information at the twelve o'clock position.
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b.
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a flow chart that can track more than
one process simultaneously.
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c.
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a specific type of bar chart that is
useful for tracking progress toward completing a series of events over time.
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d.
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a line chart that depicts changes in
quantitative data and illustrates trends.
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13. Which graphic aid would be best to show Starbuck’s quarterly sales
over a 5-year period?
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a.
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Line graph
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b.
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Bar chart
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c.
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Pie chart
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d.
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Pictogram
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e.
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None of the above are appropriate.
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14. A company that wants to chart employee absences over a two-year
period should use which of the following?
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a.
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Flow chart
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b.
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Pie chart
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c.
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Line chart
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d.
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Table
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15. You want to show actual and budgeted expenses over the last five
years for your company. The BEST graphic to use is a
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a.
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line chart.
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b.
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bar chart.
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c.
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broken-bar chart.
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d.
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table.
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16. Which of the following is BEST for comparing the
total dollars spent among five fast food restaurants.
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a.
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Diagram
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b.
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Flow chart
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c.
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Pie chart
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d.
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Table
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17. Which of the following is correct concerning the design of pie
charts?
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a.
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Position the smallest slice or the
slice to be emphasized beginning at the twelve o'clock position.
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b.
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Working counterclockwise, place all
slices in descending order of size.
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c.
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Label only important slices with
information about the quantity (percent, dollars, etc.) of each slice.
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d.
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If you are unable to attractively
place the appropriate labeling information beside each slice, use a legend to
identify each slice by color or pattern.
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18. You are preparing a graphic for the Empty Stocking Fund to show
the proportionate low spending on administrative overhead as compared to
services for children. Your pie chart should
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a.
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begin with the smallest slice at the
twelve o’clock position and position the remaining slices in ascending order
of size.
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b.
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explode the administrative overhead
slice.
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c.
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label only the slices that reflect
service programs.
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d.
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use a legend to identify the color for
each slice.
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19. You need to produce a graphic for your employees that depicts the
process of handling customer service complaints. Which would be your BEST
choice?
|
a.
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Organizational chart
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b.
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Flowchart
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c.
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Pictogram
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d.
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Blueprint
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20. The board of directors of your organization will meet for a
luncheon next month in a suburban hotel. Because of confusion in finding the
location for the last meeting, your associate has asked you to provide better
directions before the upcoming meeting. What type of graphic would best convey
this arrangement?
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a.
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Photograph
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b.
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Pictogram
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c.
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Map
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d.
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None; oral directions would be better.
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21. Placing graphic material in the appendix is
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a.
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recommended when the graphics would
make the discussion complicated to follow.
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b.
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recommended the majority of the time
to simplify text preparation.
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c.
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not recommended if the information is
quantitative.
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d.
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never recommended.
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22. The pattern for incorporating graphs in text is
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a.
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introduce, interpret and analyze, and
show.
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b.
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introduce, show, and interpret and
analyze.
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c.
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show, explain, and interpret.
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d.
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explain, interpret, and show.
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23. Which of the following numbering systems is recommended when
incorporating graphs, pictures, and tables into a written report?
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a.
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Number the graphs as "Graph
1," etc., the pictures as "Figure 1," etc., and the tables as
"Table 1," etc.
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b.
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Number the graphs and the pictures as
Figure 1," etc., and the tables as Table 1," etc.
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c.
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Number all graphs, pictures, and
tables in a single numbering system, such as "Figure 1, Figure 2,"
etc.
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d.
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Avoid the numbering system altogether.
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24. Which of the following sentences best introduces a graph in a
written report?
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a.
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Fewer than three percent of the branch
managers complained of long working hours, as shown in Figure 7.
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b.
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Figure 7 is shown below.
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c.
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Figure 7 shows the response of managers
about working hours.
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d.
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See Figure 7 for details about manager
attitudes.
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25. In formatting a report, you discover that an entire table will not
fit on the bottom of a page. You should
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a.
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continue the graphic interpretation to
the bottom of the page and begin the next page with the table.
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b.
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begin the table, allow an adequate
margin at the bottom of the page, and complete the table at the top of the
next page.
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c.
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end the page with the introduction to
the table, regardless of space left on the page.
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d.
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place the table prior to the text
reference to it if that placement will allow the entire table to appear on
that page.
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26. When interpreting and analyzing a graphic presented within the
text,
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a.
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restate what the graphic obviously
shows to facilitate deeper level understanding.
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b.
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emphasize the main point with a
summary, comparisons to other sources, and speculations on outcomes.
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c.
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restate all data presented in a text
format.
|
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d.
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do none of the above since the graphic
speaks for itself.
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27. Which of the following is true concerning the use of graphics in
business documents?
|
a.
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Understanding and retention are
enhanced by the use of graphics.
|
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b.
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Graphics should be selected that are
appropriate for the data and audience.
|
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c.
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Visually presented data can be easily
distorted leading the reader to form incorrect assumptions about the
information.
|
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d.
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All of the above are true.
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28. Thomas is writing a report which contains a column (vertical) bar
chart that shows last year's employee enrollment in three management training
programs: conflict resolution, time management, and team building. Which of the
following statements best interprets and analyzes the graph?
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a.
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Figure 1 shows enrollment for each of
the management training programs we offer.
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b.
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As Figure 1 indicates, the enrollment
for team building was almost double that of time management, and conflict
resolution was the highest of the three.
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c.
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The enrollment for time management was
42; for team building it was 81, and for conflict resolution, it was the
highest at 127.
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d.
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Figure 1 data indicate that employee
management training needs are shifting from training in time management and
team building toward conflict resolution.
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SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain why quantitative data from a research
study must be condensed into a manageable size before you can interpret it.
2. What is meant by "common language?"
How does common language help professionals manage quantities of data
efficiently?
3. List seven graphic devices to use for data
illustration and interpretation; include a major objective or purpose for each.
4. Explain the pattern for incorporating
graphics in a text and how this relates to the ideal positioning of a graphic.
5. What questions should you ask yourself to
help determine whether using a graphic presentation is appropriate and
effective your written or oral report.
CASE
1. Interpreting Quantitative Data
Your company has surveyed employees to determine their interest in
learning about financial planning. Based on the responses, the company will
develop training for employees who are interested. The table shows the total
employee responses, using the raw data and percentages. The results of this
survey will be reported to the director of Human Resources and used to develop
a financial planning training seminar for employees.
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|
Personal Development Need
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Number
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Percentage
|
|
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Retirement Annuity
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128
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32
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Traditional and Roth IRA
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104
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26
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Mutual Funds
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80
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20
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Internet Stock Trading
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52
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13
|
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Effective Charitable Giving
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36
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9
|
|
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Totals
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400
|
100
|
Required:
Write an analysis of this data that explains the results of the
survey. This analysis will appear in the written report to the director of
Human Resources.
2. Creating an Appropriate Visual
You have been asked to give a presentation on budgeting and
helping your audience understand where and how they spend their money. From the data you’ve gathered, you discover
that the typical household spends their income in the following areas
proportionally to their monthly pay:
35% Housing
20% Transportation
20% Food
10% Health care and health insurance
5% Clothing
5% Credit card debt and interest
5% Entertainment
Select an appropriate visual to depict this information and
explain why the visual would be appropriate for the presentation and any tips
about creating the most effective audience.
3. Incorporating Graphics in Text
The following are poor examples of an introduction to a graphic.
Rewrite each of these sentences to introduce the graphic based on the effective
pattern for incorporating graphics in text. Provide any additional information
that may be needed.
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Figure 1 shows preferences for
shopping locations.
Figure 1 shows enrollment for software
training programs.
Figure 1 shows the response of
managers about working hours.
Figure 1 shows the breakdown of cell
phone customers.
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