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Chapter 10
Application Development
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1. The process of designing and constructing software
translates users’ information-processing needs into CPU instructions that,
when executed, address these needs.
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2. User needs are stated in general or abstract terms in
basic computer language.
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3. Software has surpassed hardware to become the most
costly component of most information systems.
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4. Reduced productivity, dissatisfied customers, and poor managerial
decisions are just a few indirect costs of software that doesn’t address
users’ needs completely or correctly.
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5. Class models and other types of diagrams document user
and system requirements.
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6. UP design models include package diagrams, interaction
diagrams, and deployment diagrams.
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7. Unlike 2GL programs, 3GL programs must be translated
into binary CPU instructions before the program is executed.
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8. A 5GL program contains nonprocedural rules that mimic
the rules people use to solve problems.
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9. C++ was the first commercial OOP language.
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10. With scripting languages, programmers can assemble
application software rapidly by “gluing” together the capabilities of many
other programs.
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11. Compiler output is called source code.
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12. A CPU BRANCH instruction requires two operands, one
containing the address of another instruction and one containing the address
of the previous instruction.
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13. Source and object code files are compiled and linked as
a whole.
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14. The main advantage of compilation over interpretation
is that it offers the flexibility to incorporate new or updated code into an
application program.
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15. The main disadvantage of compiling and linking compared
with interpretation is increased memory and CPU requirements during program
execution.
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16. A symbolic debugger uses the symbol table, memory map,
and source code files to trace memory addresses to specific source code
statements and variables.
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17. Java bytecode programs usually run 10 times faster than
native applications.
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18. Programming languages, program translation tools, and
debugging tools address only the implementation discipline of the Unified
Process.
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19. Debugging and tracing cannot be done on machine code or
OS service calls.
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20. The most comprehensive CASE tools automate the process
of deploying working systems from analysis and design models.
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21. ____ are integrated collections of models, tools,
techniques, and processes.
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22. ____ models provide the detail needed to develop a system
that meets users’ needs.
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23. ____ perform design activities to create models that
produce an architectural blueprint for system implementation.
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24. ____ specify detailed blueprints for software component
construction and the interaction between software components and users.
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25. Program instructions are sometimes called ____.
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26. Binary CPU instructions, called ____, are the earliest
programming languages.
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27. Today, the term ____ is often used to describe a
mnemonic representing a data item’s memory address.
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28. The one-to-many (1:N) relationship between
later-generation programming statements and the CPU actions implementing them
is called ____.
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29. A ____ uses mnemonics to represent instructions,
variables, and labels and has a degree of instruction explosion higher than
1:1.
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30. A ____ is a nonprocedural language suitable for
developing software that mimics human intelligence.
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31. A ____ is a request to execute a specific method and
return a response.
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32. A(n) ____ enables programmers to develop applications
that do most of their work by calling other applications and system software.
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33. ____ programming languages guarantee program
portability between other OSs and application programs.
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34. A ____ defines the name and data type of program
variables.
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35. A ____ is any instruction, such as an assignment
statement or a computation that updates or computes a data value.
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36. A ____ is a source code instruction that controls the
execution of other source code instructions.
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37. A(n) ____ is a placeholder for missing executable code.
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38. A(n) ____ searches an object code file for external
function calls.
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39. ____ linking is performed during program loading or
execution.
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40. A(n) ____ reads a single source code instruction,
translates it into CPU instructions or a DLL call, and executes the
instructions or DLL call immediately, before the next program statement is
read.
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41. A program’s ____ version omits the symbol table and
debugging checkpoints to reduce program size and increase execution speed.
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42. ____ is an OOP language and program execution environment
developed by Sun Microsystems during the early and mid-1990s.
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43. A Java compiler or interpreter translates Java source
code into machine instructions and service routine calls for a hypothetical
computer and OS called the ____.
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44. A Java ____ runs inside another program, such as a Web
browser, and performs functions such as accepting user input and displaying
forms and images.
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45. ____ are those compiled and linked for a particular CPU
and OS.
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46. A(n) ____ is a collection of automated support tools to
speed development and testing.
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47. The term ____ tool usually refers to a tool that
supports the UP requirements and design disciplines.
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48. A tool suite that primarily supports model development
is sometimes called a ____ tool.
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49. A tool suite that primarily supports application
development based on specific analysis and design models is sometimes called
a(n) ____ tool.
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50. ____ tools generate program and other source code from
models, compile and link the programs, create databases, and create,
register, and install all components.
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51. ____________________ are detailed, precise statements
of formal logic written as sequences of CPU instructions.
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52. Developers attempt to minimize errors by using proven
development ____________________.
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53. The person who writes code is called a(n)
____________________.
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54. A second-generation language (2GL) is more commonly
known as a(n) ____________________ language.
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55. The term ____________________ is used to describe a
mnemonic representing a program instruction’s memory address.
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56. A(n) ____________________ is a program that translates
an assembly-language program into binary CPU instructions.
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57. SQL is a(n) ____________________ language because it
describes a processing requirement without specifying a procedure for
satisfying the requirement.
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58. In OOP, objects contain data and programs or
procedures, called ____________________, that manipulate the data.
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59. ____________________ code is stored in a file, such as
an .exe file in Windows, and contains CPU instructions that are ready for an
OS to load and execute.
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60. A compiler keeps an internal table, called a(n)
____________________, to keep track of data names, types, and assigned memory
addresses.
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61. A(n) ____________________ instruction transfers control
to the first instruction in a function.
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62. A(n) ____________________ is a file containing related
executable functions and an index of the library contents.
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63. A(n) ____________________ lists the memory location of
every function and program variable, and a programmer can use it to trace
error messages containing memory addresses to corresponding program
statements and variables.
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64. A(n) ____________________ is an automated tool for
testing executable programs.
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65. An executable program containing symbol table entries
and debugging checkpoints is sometimes called a(n) ____________________
version.
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66. Instructions and library calls to the JVM are called
Java “____________________.”
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67. A Java ____________________ runs in a Web server and
performs functions such as calculations, database access, and creation of Web
pages that are transmitted to a Web browser for display.
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68. A(n) ____________________ provides extensive security controls
to prevent programs from accessing unauthorized resources or damaging the
hardware, OS, or file system.
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69. ____________________ assist programmers in writing
syntactically correct code by verifying syntax as the code is being typed and
highlighting errors.
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70. With ____________________, programmers can reuse source
and executable code, thus speeding up application development.
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71. Why were fourth-generation languages developed?
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72. What does a programming language define?
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73. List two capabilities of a symbolic debugger.
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74. What are factors have caused Java’s popularity to far
exceed most initial expectations?
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75. List three components that an integrated development
environment generally includes.
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76. Why has changed as a result of hardware cost declining
over time as a proportion of total system costs?
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